The human intestine, particularly the small intestine, is host to huge numbers of microorganisms. It is the bile acids, generated in the liver that keep them in check and prevent these microorganisms from spreading to other organs. The harsh bile acids kill certain bacteria, and at the same time keep the lining of the intestine intact, thereby protecting it from infiltration by pathogenic microorganisms.

But what happens if there is no bile produced, such as in cases of obstructive jaundice, or those who rely on parenteral nutrition?

Researchers from the UT Southwestern Medical Center have identified a protein designated as FXR, which, when activated by a synthetic binding chemical called GW4064, activated genes that protect the intestinal lining or attack bacteria.

When the bile ducts of mice were tied off, preventing bile from reaching the intestine, adding GW4064 prevented damage to the intestines, showing that it can replace bile in protecting the small intestine.

Authors assert that drugs that bind to FXR, could eventually become useful in treating various conditions of the small intestine.

Source: UT Southwestern Medical Center News Release