In the September 2005 issue of the Journal of Virology, researchers identified three peptides from amphibian skin-- caerin 1.1, caerin 1.9, and maculatin 1.1-- capable of inhibiting infection within minutes of exposure to the virus.

"These data suggest that amphibian-derived peptides can access DC-sequestered HIV and destroy the virus before it can be transferred to T cells. Thus, amphibian-derived antimicrobial peptides show promise as topical inhibitors of mucosal HIV transmission and provide novel tools to understand the complex biology of HIV capture by DC's."

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